MCF-stack: Special Solutions of Mean Curvature Flow

Bibliography

For figure methods, software, and visual-source credits, see Numerical references.

References are listed alphabetically by author surname, then by coauthors, year, and title. Follow a reference to the reading pages that use it. Citations within a page open its local reference list, with return links to the text.

[AL1986]

Uwe Abresch and Joel Langer. The normalized curve shortening flow and homothetic solutions. Journal of Differential Geometry, 23(2):175–196, 1986. Original classification; the supplied survey and Complexity of parabolic systems were also consulted. URL: https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214440025, doi:10.4310/jdg/1214440025.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[AAAW13]

Dylan J. Altschuler, Steven J. Altschuler, Sigurd B. Angenent, and Lani F. Wu. The zoo of solitons for curve shortening in ℝⁿ. Nonlinearity, 26(5):1189–1226, 2013. Citations use arXiv v1, July 17, 2012, 39 pages; Sections 1–8 reviewed for the curve-soliton expansion; downloaded PDF has a later typesetting date on its title page. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4051v1, doi:10.1088/0951-7715/26/5/1189.

Used in this project (8 pages)

[AIC95]

Sigurd Angenent, Tom Ilmanen, and David L. Chopp. A computed example of nonuniqueness of mean curvature flow in R3. Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 20(11–12):1937–1958, 1995. Supplied PDF has a publisher cover; article p. 1937 is PDF p. 2. Section 2 proves qualitative expander results; the genus-three shrinker is numerical Assertion 1 and the Main Result in Section 4 is conditional. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/03605309508821158, doi:10.1080/03605309508821158.

Used in this project (4 pages)

[AY18]

Sigurd Angenent and Qian You. Ancient solutions to curve shortening with finite total curvature. 2018. arXiv:1803.01399v1. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.01399v1.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[Angenent1992]

Sigurd B. Angenent. Shrinking doughnuts. In Nonlinear Diffusion Equations and Their Equilibrium States, 3, volume 7 of Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications, pages 21–38. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, 1992.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[AV97]

Sigurd B. Angenent and Juan J. L. Velázquez. Degenerate neckpinches in mean curvature flow. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 482:15–66, 1997. Printed page = supplied PDF page + 14. Odd m at least 3 is the constructed family used here; asymptotic profiles are not exact time-dependent formulas. URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/crll.1997.482.15, doi:10.1515/crll.1997.482.15.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[BerchenkoKogan2021]

Yakov Berchenko-Kogan. The entropy of the Angenent torus is approximately 1.85122. Experimental Mathematics, 30(4):587–594, 2021. Source locators refer to arXiv version 2, 5 August 2019, 14 pages; numerical estimates, not certified error bounds. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08163v2, doi:10.1080/10586458.2019.1583616.

Used in this project (2 pages)

[BWMP20]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. A mountain-pass theorem for asymptotically conical self-expanders. 2020. arXiv:2003.13857v1. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13857v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWCompactness2021]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. Smooth compactness for spaces of asymptotically conical self-expanders of mean curvature flow. International Mathematics Research Notices, 2021(12):9016–9044, 2021. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction and Theorem 1.1 of arXiv v2. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.09076v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWSpace2021]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. The space of asymptotically conical self-expanders of mean curvature flow. Mathematische Annalen, 380:175–230, 2021. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction and Theorem 1.1 of arXiv v2. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04366v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWMountain2022]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. A mountain-pass theorem for asymptotically conical self-expanders. Peking Mathematical Journal, 5(2):213–278, 2022. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction, Theorem 1.1, and Corollary 1.2 of arXiv v1. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13857v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWRelative2022]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. Relative expander entropy in the presence of a two-sided obstacle and applications. Advances in Mathematics, 399:108284, 2022. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction, Theorem 1.1, and Remark 1.2 of arXiv v2. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07863v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWTopology2022]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. Topological uniqueness for self-expanders of small entropy. Cambridge Journal of Mathematics, 10(4):785–833, 2022. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction and Theorem 1.1 of arXiv v2. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.02642v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BWDegree2023]

Jacob Bernstein and Lu Wang. An integer degree for asymptotically conical self-expanders. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, 62(7):200, 2023. Article 200; chapter discussion uses the Introduction and Theorem 1.1 of arXiv v1. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06494v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[Brendle2016]

Simon Brendle. Embedded self-similar shrinkers of genus 0. Annals of Mathematics, 183:715–728, 2016. Chapter discussion cites Theorem 1 of arXiv v1, the compact genus-zero statement. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.4640v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[BrendleChoi19]

Simon Brendle and Kyeongsu Choi. Uniqueness of convex ancient solutions to mean curvature flow in R3. Inventiones Mathematicae, 217:35–76, 2019. Supplied journal edition; Theorem 1.1 is on printed page 36, PDF page 2. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-019-00859-4, doi:10.1007/s00222-019-00859-4.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[Chang2026]

Jui-En Chang. Stability of regular shrinkers in the network flow. The Journal of Geometric Analysis, 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04338, arXiv:2107.04338, doi:10.1007/s12220-026-02357-5.

Used in this project (7 pages)

[ChenGuo2007]

Xinfu Chen and Jong-Shenq Guo. Self-similar solutions of a 2-D multiple-phase curvature flow. Physica D, 229:22–34, 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2007.03.009, doi:10.1016/j.physd.2007.03.009.

Used in this project (8 pages)

[Chopp1994]

David L. Chopp. Computation of self-similar solutions for mean curvature flow. Experimental Mathematics, 3(1):1–15, 1994. Journal scan reviewed in full. Five numerical candidates in Sections 4.1–4.4 and 4.6; the four-handled dumbbell in Section 4.5 fails the self-similarity test. No existence proof is supplied. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10586458.1994.10504572, doi:10.1080/10586458.1994.10504572.

Used in this project (6 pages)

[ChuSun2025]

Adrian Chun-Pong Chu and Ao Sun. Genus one singularities in mean curvature flow. Geometry & Topology, 29(8):4299–4340, 2025. Source locators refer to arXiv version 3, 6 March 2025, 37 pages. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05923v3, doi:10.2140/gt.2025.29.4299.

Used in this project (4 pages)

[CSS07]

Julie Clutterbuck, Oliver C. Schnürer, and Felix Schulze. Stability of translating solutions to mean curvature flow. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, 29(3):281–293, 2007. Citations use the author-hosted September 2005 manuscript, 12 pages. URL: https://www.math.uni-konstanz.de/~schnuere/fub/ocs019.pdf, doi:10.1007/s00526-006-0033-1.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[CM12]

Tobias H. Colding and William P. Minicozzi, II. Generic mean curvature flow I: generic singularities. Annals of Mathematics, 175(2):755–833, 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2012.175.2.7, doi:10.4007/annals.2012.175.2.7.

Used in this project (6 pages)

[DPN17]

Juan Dávila, Manuel del Pino, and Xuan Hien Nguyen. Finite topology self-translating surfaces for the mean curvature flow in R3. Advances in Mathematics, 320:674–729, 2017. Theorem 1.1, Figure 2, and Section 2 checked in the accepted manuscript for the bowl–catenoid and Scherk gluing illustrations. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.03867, doi:10.1016/j.aim.2017.09.014.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[DLN2018]

Gregory Drugan, Hojoo Lee, and Xuan Hien Nguyen. A survey of closed self-shrinkers with symmetry. Results in Mathematics, 73(1):32, 2018. Article 32, 32 pages; locators refer to the supplied published edition. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09113, doi:10.1007/s00025-018-0763-3.

Used in this project (7 pages)

[GMM25]

Eddygledson Souza Gama, Francisco Martín, and Niels Martin Møller. Finite entropy translating solitons in slabs. 2025. arXiv:2209.01640v3. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.01640v3.

Used in this project (2 pages)

[Halldorsson2012]

Höskuldur P. Halldórsson. Self-similar solutions to the curve shortening flow. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 364(10):5285–5309, 2012. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.1617v2, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-2012-05632-7.

Used in this project (6 pages)

[Halldorsson2013]

Höskuldur P. Halldórsson. Helicoidal surfaces rotating/translating under the mean curvature flow. Geometriae Dedicata, 162:45–65, 2013. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.4583v3, doi:10.1007/s10711-012-9716-2.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[HIMWGraphical18]

David Hoffman, Tom Ilmanen, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Graphical translators for mean curvature flow. 2018. Supplied 28-page preprint dated July 5, 2018. Catalogue locators refer to this edition. The inverted ratio in Theorem 2.4 is corrected using equation (1.4). URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10860v2.

Used in this project (5 pages)

[HIMWNotes19]

David Hoffman, Tom Ilmanen, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Notes on translating solitons for mean curvature flow. 2019. Supplied 20-page manuscript dated January 29, 2019; catalogue citations use its PDF page numbers, not the later published edition. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09101.

Used in this project (8 pages)

[HMW20]

David Hoffman, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Scherk-like translators for mean curvature flow. 2020. Later detailed source for the constructions surveyed in the supplied 2019 notes. Theorems 2.3, 3.1, 6.1 and 11.1 and the infinite-entropy discussion checked in arXiv v4; proofs remain external to this catalogue. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04617v4.

Used in this project (4 pages)

[HMWTridents22]

David Hoffman, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Nguyen's tridents and the classification of semigraphical translators for mean curvature flow. 2022. Reviewed 26-page arXiv v2 edition, revised December 29, 2021, posted February 1, 2022. Theorem 1 and Figures 1–2, pages 1–3. Downward translation convention. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09241v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[HuiskenSinestrari2015]

Gerhard Huisken and Carlo Sinestrari. Convex ancient solutions of the mean curvature flow. Journal of Differential Geometry, 101(2):267–287, 2015. Chapter discussion uses the Introduction and Theorem 1.1 of arXiv v1. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.7509v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[INS19]

Tom Ilmanen, André Neves, and Felix Schulze. On short time existence for the planar network flow. Journal of Differential Geometry, 111(1):39–89, 2019. Citations use the published 51-page PDF; printed page = PDF page + 38. Source expander normalization is curvature vector = normal position, converted by dilation sqrt(2). URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.4756, doi:10.4310/jdg/1547607687.

Used in this project (2 pages)

[ImagiJoyceOliveira2016]

Yohsuke Imagi, Dominic Joyce, and Joana Oliveira dos Santos. Uniqueness results for special lagrangians and lagrangian mean curvature flow expanders in cm. 2016. Reviewed arXiv edition 1404.0271v2. Theorems 1.1–1.2, Remark 1.3, Examples 3.9 and 3.15; n ≥ 3, exactness, embeddedness and asymptotic rates retained. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.0271v2.

Used in this project (2 pages)

[JoyceLeeTsui2010]

Dominic Joyce, Yng-Ing Lee, and Mao-Pei Tsui. Self-similar solutions and translating solitons for lagrangian mean curvature flow. 2010. Reviewed arXiv edition 0801.3721v2. Theorems A–F, Corollaries H–I, Sections 3–6. Periodic compact case E(a)(ii); plane-neck cases C–D; translator formula (18), with direct integral rewrite; constant-radius rotating subcase of G/H. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3721v2.

Used in this project (7 pages)

[KKM2018]

Nikolaos Kapouleas, Stephen J. Kleene, and Niels Martin Møller. Mean curvature self-shrinkers of high genus: non-compact examples. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 739:1–39, 2018. Source locators refer to arXiv version 3, 18 November 2014, 41 pages. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.5454v3, doi:10.1515/crelle-2015-0050.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[KapouleasMcGrath2023]

Nikolaos Kapouleas and Peter McGrath. Generalizing the linearized doubling approach, I: general theory and new minimal surfaces and self-shrinkers. Cambridge Journal of Mathematics, 11(2):299–439, 2023. Source locators refer to arXiv version 4, 5 December 2022, 86 pages; published pagination was not independently inspected. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04240v4, arXiv:2001.04240, doi:10.4310/CJM.2023.v11.n2.a1.

Used in this project (2 pages)

[LeeTsai2026]

Ping-Hung Lee and Chung-Jun Tsai. Infinite-time singularities with vanishing mean curvature for lagrangian mean curvature flow in gibbons–hawking spaces. 2026. Reviewed arXiv edition 2606.28767v1. Sections 2–3 for ambient metric and quotient PDE; Theorem 6.2 and its proof for precise initial slope/concavity hypotheses, N ≥ 3, vanishing H and log curvature / sqrt(t) bounds. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.28767v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[MadnickWood2025]

Jesse Madnick and Albert Wood. Cohomogeneity-One Lagrangian Mean Curvature Flow. Mathematische Annalen, 391:4325–4388, 2025. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01574, arXiv:2208.01574, doi:10.1007/s00208-024-03005-5.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[MSTW26]

Francisco Martín, Mariel Sáez, Raphael Tsiamis, and Brian White. Classification of semigraphical translators. 2026. arXiv:2411.16889v2. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16889v2.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[MWKnotted26]

Alexander Mramor and Shengwen Wang. On knotted self expanders of the mean curvature flow in r3. 2026. arXiv:2611.02829v1. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02829v1.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[MY26]

Alexander Mramor and Louis Yudowitz. An ancient stacked pancake solution to mean curvature flow. 2026. arXiv:2509.26515v3. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26515v3.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[Nguyen09]

Xuan Hien Nguyen. Translating tridents. Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 34(3):257–280, 2009. Original construction reviewed in the author-posted manuscript: Theorem 1, Sections 1–2 and Section 5. Author manuscript pagination differs from the journal edition. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/03605300902768685, doi:10.1080/03605300902768685.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[SS19]

Douglas Stryker and Ao Sun. Construction of high codimension ancient mean curvature flows. 2019. Citations use arXiv v2, September 5, 2019; downloaded PDF has 11 pages. Remark 1.3 acknowledges the earlier construction by Altschuler–Altschuler–Angenent–Wu. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02688v2, arXiv:1908.02688, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1908.02688.

Used in this project (3 pages)

[SuTsaiWood2026]

Wei-Bo Su, Chung-Jun Tsai, and Albert Wood. Infinite-time singularities of the lagrangian mean curvature flow. 2026. Reviewed arXiv edition 2401.02228v3. Main Theorem (p. 4), Theorem 9.1, Proposition 9.5 and Corollary 9.6. m ≥ 3, flat complex torus, one transverse type-one intersection, neck scale and curvature rate. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02228v3.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[SunWangZhou2024]

Ao Sun, Zhichao Wang, and Xin Zhou. Multiplicity one for min-max theory in compact manifolds with boundary and its applications. Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, 63(3):70, 2024. Article 70. Source locators refer to arXiv version 1, 9 November 2020, 50 pages; published pagination was not independently inspected. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04136v1, arXiv:2011.04136, doi:10.1007/s00526-024-02669-w.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[SunWang2025]

Ao Sun and Zhihan Wang. On mean curvature flow translators with prescribed ends. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 2025. Source locators refer to arXiv version 2, posted 20 August 2025, 45 pages. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08224v2, arXiv:2301.08224, doi:10.1007/s00205-025-02125-9.

Used in this project (5 pages)

[TsaiTsuiWang2025]

Chung-Jun Tsai, Mao-Pei Tsui, and Mu-Tao Wang. Entire solutions of two-convex lagrangian mean curvature flows. 2025. Reviewed arXiv edition 2309.09432v2. Definition 2.1; Theorem 5.6; Theorem 6.2 and Propositions 6.3/6.5. Concrete nonquadratic seed is an independent substitution into Proposition 6.5. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09432v2.

Used in this project (1 pages)

[ZOKA23]

Yongzhe Zhang, Connor Olson, Ilyas Khan, and Sigurd Angenent. Nonconvex ancient solutions to curve shortening flow. 2023. arXiv:2204.05253v3. Selected theorem statements and construction passages checked November 6, 2026; proofs are cited, not independently verified. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05253v3.

Used in this project (1 pages)
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