MCF-stack: Special Solutions of Mean Curvature Flow

§ 3.1 The grim reaper and its cylinders (Hoffman–Ilmanen–Martín–White, 2018; Hoffman–Ilmanen–Martín–White, 2019)505486401C44

Earliest recorded reference: (first arXiv submission).

Paper credits and chronology

Paper credits are chronological and include every author of the cited papers. They identify sources, not exclusive discovery credit. Background-only citations do not determine the date of this example. A classical example may predate the references recorded here.

  1. Hoffman–Ilmanen–Martín–White — 2018-05-28 (first arXiv submission).
  2. Hoffman–Ilmanen–Martín–White — 2019-01-25 (first arXiv submission).
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For unit upward translation, an exact parametrization in $\mathbb R^{n+1}$ is

\[ X(x,y,t)=(x,y,-\log \cos x+t),\qquad |x|<\pi /2,\quad y\in \mathbb R^{n-1},\quad t\in \mathbb R. \]

For $n=1$ omit $y$. More generally the planar curve of speed $c>0$ has height $-c^{-1}\log \cos (cx)+ct$, on $|x|<\pi /(2c)$.

  • The curve and all its Euclidean products are complete, properly embedded, noncompact, and diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R^ n$. Their motion is eternal.

  • At unit speed the curve has curvature magnitude $\cos x$ and total curvature $\pi $. Its two ends have the vertical asymptotes $x=\pm \pi /2$.

  • The product is invariant under translations in its $\mathbb R^{n-1}$ factor. For $n\geq 2$ its second fundamental form has rank one; in $\mathbb R^3$ its Gauss curvature is zero, so it is not strictly convex.

  • As a translating graph it is stable for compactly supported variations of the translator weighted area. This is weighted stability, not a claim about stability for unweighted Euclidean area.

The supplied notes [HIMWNotes19], Example 1.6, PDF page 4, use downward translation; the displayed surface is its reflection in a horizontal plane. Graphical weighted minimality is discussed in [HIMWGraphical18], Section 2, PDF page 5.

The grim reaper and its cylinders. Exact formula on a truncated strip. Infinite vertical ends are clipped for display.
Exact formula. Exact formula on a truncated strip. Infinite vertical ends are clipped for display. Open drawing · Numerical references and credits

Ambient space, topology, embeddedness and entropy

The two vertical asymptotes of the generating curve are not two topological ends of the surface cylinder.

Grim-reaper curve · Euclidean plane ℝ² · Embedded
Ambient space
Euclidean plane ℝ²
Topology
Line ℝ
Embeddedness
Embedded: The grim-reaper graph and its Euclidean products are properly embedded.
Compactness
Noncompact
Surface genus
Not a surface
Topological ends
2
Entropy
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.
Gaussian area
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.
Grim-reaper cylinder · Euclidean space ℝ³ · Embedded
Ambient space
Euclidean space ℝ³
Topology
Plane ℝ²
Embeddedness
Embedded: The grim-reaper graph and its Euclidean products are properly embedded.
Compactness
Noncompact
Surface genus
0
Topological ends
1
Entropy
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.
Gaussian area
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.
Higher-dimensional products · Euclidean space ℝ⁴; Euclidean dimension ≥ 5 · Embedded
Ambient space
Euclidean space ℝ⁴; Euclidean dimension ≥ 5
Topology
Euclidean space ℝⁿ, n ≥ 3
Embeddedness
Embedded: The grim-reaper graph and its Euclidean products are properly embedded.
Compactness
Noncompact
Surface genus
Not a surface
Topological ends
1
Entropy
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.
Gaussian area
Not recorded: Not recorded in this entry.

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References on this page

  1. [HIMWNotes19] David Hoffman, Tom Ilmanen, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Notes on translating solitons for mean curvature flow. 2019. Supplied 20-page manuscript dated January 29, 2019; catalogue citations use its PDF page numbers, not the later published edition. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09101.All uses in this project ↩ 1
  2. [HIMWGraphical18] David Hoffman, Tom Ilmanen, Francisco Martín, and Brian White. Graphical translators for mean curvature flow. 2018. Supplied 28-page preprint dated July 5, 2018. Catalogue locators refer to this edition. The inverted ratio in Theorem 2.4 is corrected using equation (1.4). URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10860v2.All uses in this project ↩ 1
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